Food Journal Observations

I noticed a lot of our diets are constrained and depend on the amount of time they had to enjoy a meal. The majority of meals were eaten quickly and on the go with little concern for enjoyment and healthiness of the meal and most of the concern on eating something quickly. Most if any meals that were eaten for the enjoyment of companions were during dinner instead of breakfast or lunch.

P8:Food Journal: woes of the sick

Wednesday: I usually wake up about 8 to get ready for school, but Wednesday I woke up an hour early to study an extra hour for a midterm test. As I usually do when I think a cold is around the corner, I took a package of emergen-c right as I woke up. At 8:30 I headed to breakfast before my 9:00 class. I chose something heavier than usual, a wheat bagel with peanut butter and washed it down with nasty sodexo 2% milk, to make sure I could focus on my test that ended at noon, instead of a rumbling stomach. I also grabbed a banana and ate it on the way to class. For lunch I  ate an apple on the way to writ class, and once we were there, we all went out to get a pop chip sample, I chose Jalapeno flavor and so I then went and bought a mango flavored Sobe drink to get rid of the spicy burn.  For dinner I had a salad at around 6:00 at the dinning halls, I chose a spinach base and put on egg, onion, peppers and mushrooms with mustard sauce. I also grabbed a dinner roll.

Thursday: After my emergen-c,  I ate a fruit pafeie at Jazzmans and drank a cup of Americano coffee while preparing for a spanish interview. For lunch I  microwaved a bowl of oatmeal and chopped up an apple and sprinkled it in. I drank tazo green tea from a bag and then ate an orange separately. For dinner I ate at the dinning halls, I had the mystery white fish and long grain wild rice with broccoli. it was alright, but I only ate half the fish! latter that night I watched a movie with my friend and we ate some Act II microwavable popcorn at around midnight. then to celebrate our colds we took NyQuil and went to bed.

Friday: Although I woke up several times before, I did not actually get out of bed until 2 in the afternoon. My cold was really hitting me hard and the NyQuil made me groggy. My friend and I met up and we had lunch/breakfast at Brueggers. I ordered orange juice and their breakfast sandwich with egg, cheese and bacon on a sea salt and peppercorn bagle. when I was back in my room I drank my emergen-c (almost forgot) and went back to bed. At 6 I woke up again and I drnak tazo green tea, a jimmy johns ham sandwich sample the event at nagel was passing out earlier, and an apple. I ate again at 9 with my sick friend, we had chicken noodle soup from Safeway and shared a small loaf of sourdough bread to compliment the soup. we topped it off with some powdered chai tea he brought from South Dakota, and took another shot of NyQuil before calling it a day.

SE4: Family Ties

Sarah Heermann

5/4/2012

Writ SE 6

Family Ties

It was always a celebration for me to visit my grandmother. My grandfather and her lived only five miles away in the same town, but they enjoyed travelling and growing up I only ever saw them once about every three months. Each time we got together, I enjoyed catching up with her, but the best part was the traditional meal that always followed. It was the same meal everyone looked forward to on all holidays, all family gatherings, and any time you were with grandma. This specialty was chicken noodles. Not the watery soup, but the kind made with homemade thick egg noodles with tender chicken, freshly mashed potatoes underneath, all topped with fresh ground pepper. The result was a rich and creamy plate that was the ultimate comfort food. The focus for me though, was always on the noodle. The success of the meal depended on the success of the noodle itself. The perfect noodle added texture yet was still complementary to the chicken and potatoes. Because of this significant connection to my grandmother and the meal itself, noodles have always been a food that I enjoy and look forward to eating. They represent more than just a meal to me. They give me the feeling of comfort and family, and so I naturally became curious about their history. Just as if I were tracing my family tree, I plan on looking at the origins and properties of the egg noodle, and what makes them so good.

“The texture of the noodle is the most important.” Is what my grandmother always said, and in this case the experts agree. Texture and consistency are a main concern regarding egg noodle quality. According to Wiley Online Library, cooked noodles should remain firm and not lose solids in cooking water, and should not become sticky and soggy when standing after cooking (Khouryieh, Herald, and Aramouni) .  The main ingredient that maintains this high standard of crispiness is one called Semolina.  Due to gluten development, it makes noodles firm in bite, less starchy, and resistant to overcooking. The quality of the noodle is often determined by its Semolina percent content (Khouryieh, Herald, and Aramouni).

After this discovery, I became curious about this “father” of the egg noodle, and found that Semolina is actually the soft center of any kind of grain. However, wheat is most commonly used in the egg noodle (Conant). The most common kind of wheat to use for semolina is Duran wheat, a hard wheat variety with very high gluten content and high protein to carbohydrate ratio. Durum wheat is more coarsely ground than other flours and the milling process naturally separates the endosperm (the soft center) from the rest of the grain (Conant).  Semolina is a favorite of noodle makers because of its resiliency to the pasta making process. It retains its shape in cooking, even if overcooked.

While semolina provides texture and quality, the other main ingredient is of course, egg. Egg also improves cooking quality, but its main function is that it strengthens the network that holds in the starch during cooking (Khouryieh, Herald, and Aramouni). This was interesting to me, because there would seemingly be a starch battle inside of every cooking noodle. The egg ingredient fights to hold in starch while the Semolina struggles to release starch. I pictured a battle scene in my head, with the noodle eventually disentigrating in the water just from indecision.  But these ingredients actually work in harmony to achieve an “agreed” upon level of starch, without violence. The different amounts of each ingredient is what makes noodles different tasting from each other, from extremely starchy and high egg content to less starchy and high semolina content (Khouryieh, Herald, and Aramouni). The protein in the eggs also aids in stabilizing, forming, and enhancing the flavor of the noodle, but perhaps the most important role of the egg is the deep yellow the yolk brings to the noodle (Khouryieh, Herald, and Aramouni).  Without the yolk, the noodle would take on a white color or even become transparent. A deep rich color is the most desirable, and according to my grandmother, indicates freshness.

The ingredients of the noodle and what make the noodle high quality was interesting to me. I did not know that the ingredient semolina was involved, nor did I know the role the egg actually played in noodle cooking.  Like learning a little bit of my own family history, I feel a more connected now to the food that has such an importance to me. Understanding more about the noodle and the ingredients involved will help me become a better shopper and cook. Noodles connect me to my grandmother, a sacred tie now that she has passed, and to the rest of my family that still remembers her mastery of the family favorite recipe, chicken noodles. These family gatherings and the meals we shared would not have had the same impact had the egg noodle not been a part of the recipe.

Resources

Conant, Patricia. "The Epicuren Table ." Grain Product Basics. theepicurentable.com, 2006. Web. 4 May 2012. <http://www.epicureantable.com/articles/agrainsemolina.htm>.

Khouryieh, Hanna, Tomas Herald, and Fadi Aramouni. "Quality and Sensory Properties of Fresh Egg Noodles Formulated with Either Total or Partial Replacement of Egg Substitutes." Wiley Online Library. Journal of Food Science, 2006. Web. 4 May 2012. <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00060.x/full>.

P7: walk the walk

These articles were very shocking. I always find it very unsettling to hear there are still worker conditions like the ones described in these articles existing  in the world, and much more so that they are in the United States. We are a country that prides itself and stands for freedom and the voice and rights of the individual, at least this are what I have always been taught and brainwashed to think. I never really considered using the word brainwashed to describe national pride until I learned the more truthful version of history of our country. What I mean by this is that when we are little, like grade school or below, we always celebrate the 4^th of July and Columbus day, are told our country is the best, and sing the national anthem. I remember the first factual negative thing I ever learned in school was in the 6^th grade. It was the truth about Columbus treating the natives horribly by murdering and pillaging, before this I thought it was some kind of huge celebration that Columbus arrived as though they had been waiting for him and celebrated his presence. I also assumed, for no reason, that thye spoke the same language and instantly took to a conversation that began “what is your name?” like all meetings do when you are below the age of 10.

I got off an a tangent there but my thought was this: we are brainwashed into thinking everything is perfect in our country and completely miss the fact that things such as slavery exists in the U.S. today. I am shocked I had no prior knowledge of this. Personally the food info. Was gross but I don’t really care when it comes with the fact that workers are losing limbs and are treated as slaves and have to live in the forest and cant afford to buy protection from horrible chemicals that cause them to go blind. Especially when the government has put off investigation for over ten years. My first thought on that is somewhere some very rich guy is having to cough up a lot of dough(not enough though) to keep this on hold. My second is how shameful I feel that a country such as ours and the high ideals we so often talk about are not followed remotely. We are talking the talk but certainly not walking the walk. 

P6: Free but Freethinkers?

Pollan talks about how our relationship with food can determine how we eat it, and in turn controls our weight and healthiness. He made the argument that if we were less conscious about food, enjoyed it for the taste and company, not go back for seconds and not snack, we would be thinner like the French and also enjoy eating more as a whole. Our symptoms/ causes of our unhealthy eating is actually worrying about it too much, and trying too hard to be healthy. Instead of listening to our bodies and scenes such as taste and smell, Americans as a whole tend to over-analyze our food and trust the sciences instead. He says we have “lost our confidence” in food and our sciences, and I believe he is absolutely right. If we listened to our tastes and took smaller portions I think we would be both happier and healthier. We should choose quality over quantity.

I thought his view on the marketing and corruption of the diet was also really interesting. I never considered how much money there was in the diet industry and how much it is controlled and commercialized. They condemn one product or ingredient only to praise another one and start an entire eating revolution.  He put it kind of comically when he described how fascinating it was that an entire country’s eating habits could change overnight. It only takes one article in a popular news magazine, a show on the tv, or a newspaper article before everyone jumps on the bandwagon and begins to diet. 

EE1

Sarah Heermann

Writ Extended Essay 1

4/30/2012

I’ll Have the Salad

If you see a woman order a salad, do you think much of it? Do those feelings change if you see a man order one? The different values we hold for each gender as an American culture affects how and what we eat. This bias can be seen easily through the media and ads for food, a bias that we see every day but no longer recognize the influence they have. Women and men strive to be portrayed differently in our society based on different values we associate with each gender.  The marketing industry and companies understand and focus on these to use them in a way that best benefits them. These different values are so strong they affect what we chose to eat, especially in front of others. Each gender is targeted differently in ads, and attempt to attract the gender that is not associated with a certain type of food in order for the company to gather more customers. In this essay I will analyze two ads that exemplify the values our culture places on gender and how these affect what we eat.

In the American society, women are traditionally thought of as eating healthier, fresh foods that will allow them to keep a slim figure, while men are thought of as eating a diet mostly consisting of fatty foods containing a large dose of protein.  Theses cultural values are shown through our advertisement and portrayal of the two genders in the media. The characteristic associated with females the most is attractiveness level, and this is based mostly upon physical physic and thinness. Models are often looked at as the “ideal” female, and desirability equates to thinness. According to Alternet.com, nearly 25% of models are underweight. This website also displayed the following statistic.

 A study by the American Psychological Association found that after three minutes spent looking at a fashion magazine, 70% of women felt "depressed, guilty, and ashamed." Vogue and its ilk are banned in most eating disorder clinics because they know it sends their clients spiraling. The magazine has done real harm to ordinary women. It super-charged the trend for bone-thin models with Twiggy in 1965, and it popularized the bogus idea of "cellulite" in 1973: before then, it was just considered normal female flesh. (Hari)

The rate for eating disorders among teenage women are on the rise, and in the past few years there has even been an increase in teenage men eating disorders, however on a much lower frequency. (Hari)

This bias can show up in what we feed our children even as young as a year old. According to a study done by Cornell University, gender bias affected the weight of children and how they grew:

 Gender bias in energy and protein intake favored boys; the magnitude for ages 2-5 y was 247 kJ/d. Analysis of subsequent effects showed that boys had higher rates of weight gain due to gender bias in energy intake than did girls for ages 1-2 y (0.27-0.97 kg/y), when there were no differences in illness rates due to gender bias in energy intake. For ages 1-2 years for weight and stature, the growth rate for boys was faster than that of girls by 6-49% due to gender bias. (Frongillo)

By raising our children under this bias they become accustomed to this norm, and are conditioned unconsciously to make choices for meals that are gender biased, just as they were fed growing up.

            The influence the media has on each gender has promoted advice on weight control to be a prominent topic, especially among the web. The difference in our eating is also seen by the type of advice on eating we receive and the bias in this advice.  In a website of tips for healthy eating for women, HelpGuide.org, they advise that women eat mostly fruit and vegetables, to cut back on coffee and alcohol, and to not eat much protein. (Smith) The suggestion to the lack of protein and conscious eating is opposite to the advice given to men on a different website, MedicineNet.com, which actually suggests that men worry less about losing weight and should focus on cutting out junk food and trading water for their usual beverage to lose weight. (Sorgen) In the website for women they also stressed looking good to feel good; suggesting that eating healthy will lower your weight, make you thinner and simultaneously raise your happiness level. Such a suggestion and connection to happiness was missing among the advice to men, where the advice given was presented with an almost apologetic attitude that a man would have to resort to such feminine and drastic measures as dieting.

                        Marketers and all kinds of businesses associated with the food and drink industry are wise to take this gender bias that has become a part of our society and use it to their advantage.  One struggle for food companies is to sell their products to the opposite gender that is traditionally associated with their type of food. The following adds attempt to make their products seem more appealing to the gender less likely to buy their product.

My first advertisement is a unique Dunkin’ Donuts one.

This ad focuses on feminizing donuts, considered an unhealthy and masculine food, and making them appeal more to females. The coloring alone, all pink, instantly gives the feel of femininity, alone with the close up of the models face. An interesting aspect of the add was the instant attention to the mouth of the model and how her lips match the donut, but what was odd was that the mouth looks bigger than the donut. Perhaps they wanted to focus the attention away from what society and most women consider “sinful” food and instead draw the eye to the more glamorous portrayal of the donut with the mouth imitation. The intense eye make-up also has a purpose. It makes the model seem glitzy and thus the product they are selling seem more glamorous and fashionable, and in turn more feminine. The model has her eyes shut from what seems to be an overwhelming sensation from the donut. Her looking down further draws our eyes to focus on her lips otherwise we may be distracted looking into her eyes, which is what we instinctively concentrate on.

            The two simple words in this advertisement say a lot. Although they are small, they carry a big message. These simple words insinuate a sinful nature of giving into temptation. Since a fatty food such as a donut is not associated as a female food, eating such a donut could be considered as “giving into temptation” and falling off the beaten track of eating salads. A woman eating a donut doesn’t seem glamorous, and would likely not reflect positively on her in a social situation. Although many people would not have a problem or comment on a woman eating a donut, advertisers and the values our society hold makes a woman eating healthier foods seem more appealing. This social value is what this Dunkin’ Donut add is trying to cover up and fight in order to sell more product. As a result of this ad, woman may feel less scrutinized against or less guilty eating a donut, however the lengths the marketers go to make this product seem so feminine point to the deep rooted value of women eating healthy.

            This social assumption is one that I have felt and has affected how I have ordered in the past. Sitting in a restaurant with someone new I always struggle in thinking what to order, since I feel it reflects upon me. Women often go through an internal struggle of whether ordering a salad would make one look too self-conscious or a steak would make one look not conscious enough, especially on a first date. However, the trend from the 1930s of women ordering salad on the first date is fading, according to a New York Times article restaurants are finding that more and more women are eating steak on a first date than ever before. (Salkin) Men typically have the opposite problem. In a writing workshop for this research paper, a male classmate commented that as a man, he has worried that ordering a salad as a main dish was unacceptable.  

My second add I chose focuses more on how the masculine side of advertising is portrayed. Here the product is Pocky, an originally oriental snack that has a thin biscuit covered in chocolate. It usually is portrayed as a treat for women to indulge conservatively in. Pocky’s purposeful targeting of males is obvious (as seen in the photo below) in this instance since the original Pocky (the red package to the left) and the men’s Pocky (the green one to the right) have no difference in ingredients, but are packaged and sold as separate products.  Pocky uses the harsher words associated with masculinity to advertise their product as fit for manly consumption. The men’s version boldly state’s “The Super Snack” with the package explicitly stating Men’s before a thicker and straighter font of “Pocky”. The possessive form of men before the product name insinuates it is owned by men and is not for women.

As with the Dunkin’ Donuts ad, this Pocky ad is persuading its target audience to disobey the typical gender expectations. Here they attempt to make Pocky more masculine, but also appear like a fun snack to indulge in. The result is a mock-sophisticated kind of look. They dress the model in a tie and button-down shirt and have him drinking alcohol, a sign of wealth with his glass raised as if in mid-toast with you. The model’s raised eyebrow and smirk express his sarcastic attitude as does his messy and long hair, undone tie, and facial hair. This relaxed and casual feel makes the snack more appealing as one you could just sit down to eat casually without being judged, while the dressier aspects make Pocky appear to be a slightly classy snack. With the text “a serious snack at the bottom” it also seems to be making the statement that men are allowed to not be serious just as men are allowed to enjoy a feminine snack. Ironically, this can make one wonder why men were not allowed to eat Pocky or be goofy in the first place. This may make their audience in turn more conscious about the “social rules” and inadvertently undermine their attempt to make their audience rebel against these cultural values.

Even in food ads, the difference between how genders are presented can be seen. Women generally are associated with foods that are healthier and more self-conscious as an attempt to remain thin, while men are generally thought of as enjoying foods that are full of fat and meat and ooze hardcore masculinity. Food ads show us the values that we as a society have, and the dietary standards placed on genders in our culture controls the media. These values can affect what and how we eat when we are consciously aware of them, and what we order at the dinner table can reflect this cultural gender bias. This is especially true when we eat in front of others, as we become self-conscious about how others view us. So at your next social meal, what will you eat?

Resouces

Frongillo, Begin. "Gender bias in food intake."Pubmed.gov. Cornell University, 1993. Web. 24 Apr 2012. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8429367>.

Smith, Melinda. "EATING RIGHT TO LOOK AND FEEL YOUR BEST." Nutrition For Women. HelpGuide.org, 2012. Web. 24 Apr 2012. <http://www.helpguide.org/life/healthy_eating_women_nutrition.htm>.

Sorgen, Carol. "Experts offer some easy ways men can start making better food choices." Healthy Eating for the Average Guy. MedicineNet.org, 2012. Web. 24 Apr 2012. <http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=60537>.

Salkin, Allen. "Be Yourselves, Girls, Order the Rib-Eye."The New York Times. The New York Times, 2007. Web. 24 Apr 2012. 

Hari, Johann. "Our Thinness Obsesed Culture." AlterNet. Independent UK, n.d. Web. 27 Apr 2012. <http://www.alternet.org/reproductivejustice/142682/our_thinness_obsessed_culture_is_destroying_women/>.

Unit 1 Essay

Sarah Heermann

Writ short essay 2

Bringing Home the Bacon

The different values we hold for each gender as an American culture affects how and what we eat. This bias can be seen easily through the media and ads for food, a bias that we see every day but have become immune to. Women and men strive to be portrayed differently in our society based on different values we associate with each gender.  The marketing industry and companies understand and focus on these to use them in a way that best benefits them. These different values are so strong they affect what we chose to eat, especially in front of others. Each gender is focused upon in ads in different ways to try to attract the gender that is not associated with a certain type of food in order for the company to make more profits. In this essay I will analyze two ads that exemplify the values our culture places on gender and how these affect what we eat.

In the American society, women are traditionally thought of as eating healthier, fresh foods that will allow them to keep a slim figure, while men are thought of as eating a diet mostly consisting of fatty foods containing a large dose of protein. If you walk down a weight-loss isle in the grocery store you will find more products for staying fit and burning fat aimed toward women, and products for building muscle and products containing protein aimed toward men. This bias can show up in what we feed our children even as young as a year old. According to a study done by Cornell University, gender bias affected the weight of children and how they grew:

 Gender bias in energy and protein intake favored boys; the magnitude for ages 2-5 y was 247 kJ/d. Analysis of subsequent effects showed that boys had higher rates of weight gain due to gender bias in energy intake than did girls for ages 1-2 y (0.27-0.97 kg/y), when there were no differences in illness rates due to gender bias in energy intake. For ages 1-2 years for weight and stature, the growth rate for boys was faster than that of girls by 6-49% due to gender bias. (Frongillo)

By raising our children under this bias, they grow up thinking this is the norm, and are conditioned unconsciously to make choices for meals that are gender biased, just as they were fed growing up.

            The difference in our eating is also seen by the type of advice on eating we receive and the bias in this advice.  In a website of tips for healthy eating for women, HelpGuide.org, they advise that women eat mostly fruit and vegetables, to cut back on coffee and alcohol, and to not eat much protein. (Smith) The suggestion to the lack of protein and conscious eating is opposite to the advice given to men on a different website, MedicineNet.com, which actually suggests that men worry less about losing weight and focus on trading sandwiches for junk food. (Sorgen) In the website for women they also stressed looking good to feel good; suggesting that eating healthy will lower your weight, make you thinner and simultaneously raise your self-esteem. Such a suggestion and connection was missing among the advice to men, although a few websites focused on increased sex appeal and attention from the other gender.

                        Marketers and any and all kinds of businesses associated with the food and drink industry are wise to take this gender bias that has become a part of our society and use it to their advantage.  One struggle for food companies is to sell their products to the opposite gender that is traditionally associated with their type of food. The following adds attempt to make their products seem more appealing to the gender less likely to buy their product.

My first advertisement is a more unique Dunkin’ Donuts one.

This ad focuses on feminizing doughnuts, considered an unhealthy and masculine food, and making them appeal more to females. The coloring alone, all pink, instantly gives the add a feel of femininity, alone with the close up of the models face. An interesting aspect of the add was the instant attention to the mouth of the model and how her lips match the doughnut, but what was odd was that the mouth looks bigger than the doughnut. Perhaps they wanted to focus the attention away from what society and most women consider “sinful” food and instead draw the eye to the more glamorous portrayal of the donut with the mouth imitation. The intense eye make-up also has a purpose. It makes the model seem glitzy and thus the product they are selling seem more glamorous and fashionable, and in turn more feminine. Her looking down further draws our eyes to focus on her lips otherwise we may be distracted looking into her eyes, which is what we instinctively concentrate on.

            The two simple words in this advertisement say a lot. Although they are small, they carry a big message. These simple words insinuate a sinful nature of giving into temptation. Since a fatty food such as a doughnut is not associated as a female food, eating such a doughnut could be considered as “giving into temptation” and falling off the beaten track of eating salads. A woman eating a doughnut doesn’t seem glamorous, and would likely not reflect positively on her in a social situation. Although many people would not have a problem or publically comment on a woman eating a doughnut, advertisers and the values our society hold makes a woman eating healthier foods seem more appealing. This social value is what this Dunkin’ Donut add is trying to cover up and fight in order to sell more product. As a result of this ad, woman may feel less scrutinized against or guilty eating a doughnut, however the lengths the marketers go to make this product seem so feminine point to the deep rooted value of woman eating healthy.

            This social assumption is one that I have felt and has affected how I have ordered in the past. Sitting in a restaurant with someone new I always struggle in thinking what to order, since I feel it reflects upon me. I assume men feel this way too, but the internal struggle of whether ordering a salad would make you look too self-conscious or a steak would make you look not conscious enough is most likely not as strong. However the trend women had of ordering salad on the first date is fading, according to a New York Times article restaurants are finding that more and more women are eating steak at a first date than ever before. (Salkin)

My second add I chose focuses more on how the masculine side of advertising is portrayed.

Here Pocky uses the harsher words associated with masculinity to advertise their product as fit for manly consumption. Their purposeful targeting of males is obvious since the original Pocky (the red package to the left) and the men’s Pocky (the green one to the right) have no difference in ingredients, but are packaged and sold as separate products in an attempt to sell more.  They must have found that sales among men were low, and attempted to counteract that. It is judgmental for me to say so, but a man eating Pocky does not seem like a very hard-core man. The add I show does not counteract my cultural bias very efficiently. However, it does try to make Pocky seem more manly. First off, they have the model drinking hard alcohol, not only a sign of masculinity and toughness but also of wealth, another value that our society associates with men. The same could be said about him being dresses in a tie and button-down shirt. An interesting feature is how they lighten the mood of the add by having the model pose with a comical expression, his tie is slightly loosened, his hair is long and naturally flowing, and he has some five o’clock shadow on his face. This relaxed and casual feel makes the snack more appealing as one you could just sit down to eat casually, while the dressier aspects make Pocky appear to be a slightly classy drink also. 

            Even in food ads, the difference between how genders are presented can be seen. Women generally are associated with foods that are healthier and more self-conscious, while men are generally thought of as enjoying foods that are full of fat and meat. Food ads show us the values that we as a society have.  Women are thought of as to be or should be heath conscious and thin, eating fresh foods that contain little fat.  Men should be eating hearty, greasy foods that ooze hardcore masculinity. These values can affect what and how we eat when we are consciously aware of them, and what we order at the dinner table can reflect this cultural gender bias.

Resouces

Frongillo, Begin. "Gender bias in food intake."Pubmed.gov. Cornell University, 1993. Web. 24 Apr 2012. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8429367>.

(Frongillo)

Smith, Melinda. "EATING RIGHT TO LOOK AND FEEL YOUR BEST." Nutrition For Women. HelpGuide.org, 2012. Web. 24 Apr 2012. <http://www.helpguide.org/life/healthy_eating_women_nutrition.htm>.

(Smith)

Sorgen, Carol. "Experts offer some easy ways men can start making better food choices." Healthy Eating for the Average Guy. MedicineNet.org, 2012. Web. 24 Apr 2012. <http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=60537>.

(Sorgen)

Salkin, Allen. "Be Yourselves, Girls, Order the Rib-Eye."The New York Times. The New York Times, 2007. Web. 24 Apr 2012. 

(Salkin)